Continuity of Vipassana practice is secret of success

by Sayagyi U Goenka


For a Vipassana meditator, continuity of practice is the secret of success - this means being continuously aware of bodily sensations arising and passing away (anicca), with equanimity. This continuous experience of anicca (impermanence) purifies the mind.

Anicca must be experienced. If not, it is merely a theory. And the Buddha was not interested in mere theories. Before and during the time of the Buddha, there were teachers who taught that the entire universe is impermanent (anicca). This was not new. What was new from the Buddha was the experience of anicca; and when you experience it within the framework of your own body, at the level of arising, passing sensations, you have started working at the deepest level of your mind.

The Buddha’s teaching helps us to disintegrate the solidified apparent reality preventing us from seeing the actual truth. At the actual level, everything in the universe is mere vibrations. At the same time, there is the apparent reality of solidity. For example, this wall is solid. This is a truth but it is an apparent truth. The ultimate truth is that what you call a wall is nothing but a mass of vibrating subatomic particles. We have to integrate both the apparent and actual truths through proper understanding.

Understand that the work to purify the mind is done by you alone; but you must also be prepared to work with your family, with society as a whole. The yardstick to measure whether pure love, compassion and goodwill are truly developing within you is whether these qualities are being exhibited towards the people around you.

The Buddha wanted us to be liberated at the deepest level of the mind. And that is possible only when anicca (impermanence), dukkha (suffering) and anattā (egolessness)  are experienced. This experience anicca, dukkha, anattā deconditions the mind from its negative habit patterns.

By deconditioning the mind, layer after layer of the mind gets purified, until the mind is totally free from past conditioning. Purity then becomes a way of life. You will not have to consciously practice mettā (compassionate love) as you do now at the end of your one-hour sitting. Later, mettā just becomes a part of your life. All the time you remain suffused with love, compassion and goodwill. This is the aim, the goal.

Vipassana works at the deepest level of one's mind

The path of liberation is the path of working at the deepest level of the mind. And the deepest level of the mind is constantly in contact with bodily sensations.

Divide, dissect and disintegrate the entire structure to understand how mind and matter are interrelated. If you work only with the mind and forget the body, you are not practicing the Buddha’s teaching. If you work only with the body and forget the mind, again you are not understanding the Buddha properly.

Anything that arises in the mind turns into matter, into a sensation in the material field. This was the Buddha’s discovery. People forgot this truth, which can only be understood through correct practice of Vipassana. The Buddha said, "Sabbe dhammā vedanā samosaraṇā:, anything that arises in the mind starts flowing as a sensation in the body.

The Buddha used the word asava, which means flow or intoxication. For example, when you generate anger a biochemical flow of very unpleasant sensations starts. Because of these unpleasant sensations, you start reacting with more anger. With more anger, the flow becomes stronger and the intensity of anger intensifies. The habit-pattern of generating anger then becomes stronger, more deeply entrenched in the mind.

In the same way, when passion arises, a particular type of biochemical substance starts flowing in the blood. A vicious circle starts which keeps repeating itself. There is a flow, an intoxication, an addiction at the depth of the mind. Out of ignorance, we become addicted to this particular biochemical flow. Although it makes us miserable, yet we become addicted: we want these sensations again and again. So we generate more passion - more misery.

We become addicted to impurities we generate in the mind. Saying that someone is addicted to alcohol or drugs is not true. The real addiction is the addiction to particular sensations produced by alcohol or drugs.

The Buddha teaches us to observe the inner reality of the arising, passing sensations. We overcome addiction to anything when we objectively experience sensations arising, passing, with this understanding: "Anicca, anicca. This is impermanent." Gradually we stop the habit of blind reaction.

Dhamma is simple, scientific, the universal laws of nature applicable to everyone. Whether calling oneself a Buddhist, Hindu, Muslim, Christian, American, Indian, Burmese, Russian or Italian makes no difference. Human nature is human nature. And Vipassana is the pure, natural science of studying mind and matter, and mind-matter interaction. Do not allow it to become a sectarian or philosophical belief. This will be of no help.

The Buddha, the Fully Enlightened Super Scientist, worked to find the truth about mind and matter interaction. And discovering this truth, he found a way to go beyond mind and matter. He explored the path to the ultimate reality not to satisfy his curiosity but to find a way to be free from all suffering. There is suffering in every family, society, every nation in the world. The Enlightened One found and shared the way for everyone to come out of all suffering.

Each individual must come out of misery, out of all suffering.

There cannot be world peace just because we want world peace: "There should be peace in the world because I am agitating for it." This does not happen. We cannot agitate for peace. When we become agitated, we lose peace of mind. No agitation. Purify your mind. Then your actions will add to peace in the world.

May you come out of misery. May you enjoy real peace, real harmony, real happiness.

(from the Vipassana Research Institute article: Work out your own salvation)

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The Essence of Experiential Wisdom

by Sayagyi U S. N. Goenka

(from a Vipassana Research Institute newsletter)

What is wisdom? Wisdom means the right understanding. Knowledge of the superficial apparent truth only is not true wisdom. In order to understand the ultimate truth we must penetrate apparent reality to its depths.


A child will see precious jewels only as attractive, coloured pieces of stone. But an experienced jeweller evaluates the virtues and defects in each jewel with his expert vision in order to accurately estimate its value. In the same way, the wise do not conduct a mere superficial examination. Rather they go to the depths with penetrating wisdom and accurately perceive the underlying subtle truth in every situation. This ability to understand the complete truth accurately in every situation is wisdom.


There are three kinds of wisdom. The first, suta-maya panna, is the wisdom gained by hearing or reading the words of others. The second, cinta-maya panna, is intellectual wisdom: to test with one’s reasoning and analyzing faculty whether the received wisdom is rational and logical.


It cannot be said that these two types of wisdom are absolutely useless. However, because they are borrowed wisdom, usually the knowledge gained is merely intellectual and no lasting benefit is derived from it.


Bhavana-maya panna, the third kind of wisdom, is experiential wisdom It is wisdom manifested within ourselves, based on our own experience of our body sensations. This wisdom is based on direct experience and therefore is truly beneficial.


To develop bhavana-maya panna, it is essential to practice sila (moral conduct) and to develop right samadhi (concentration). Only the mind established in right samadhi can understand and realise the truth as it is. (Yatha-bhuta nana-dassana)


Samahito yathabhutam pajanati passati.
One who has developed right concentration, properly understands reality as it is.


The ability to see things as they really are is called Vipassana, meaning "to see things in a special way". Ordinarily, we tend to observe only the superficial apparent truth, like the child who sees only the superficial, bright colouring and glitter of the jewels. To be able to properly observe inner truth, we need the penetrating expert vision of the jeweller—we need to see things in a special way. This special way of seeing is Vipassana; this is bhavana-maya panna, the development of wisdom by the practice of Vipassana.


It is easy to understand superficial reality but introspection is necessary to understand subtle inner truths. Directing our attention inwards, we must explore, observe, and understand the truth within.


To understand the truth within, we practice the four kinds of awareness described by the Buddha in the Mahasatipatthana Sutta. We practice kayanupassana (observation of the body) by observing the course of events within the body with full attention. Observation of the incoming and outgoing breath is part of kayanupassana. Observation of the respiration leads to awareness of sensations on every part of the body.


Practising diligently, we gradually begin to experience gross or subtle sensations on every part of the body. The sensations may be pleasant, unpleasant or neither-pleasant-nor-unpleasant. Observing these sensations with detachment, we practice vedananupassana (observation of sensations within the body). Observing the numerous kinds of mind (citta) that keep arising from time-to-time, we practice cittanupassana. Observing the different contents of the mind, we practice dhammanupassana.


We give more importance to vedananupassana because it is directly connected to the other three. Vedana is perceived by the the mind, but it is experienced in the body. Every defilement in the mind is intimately connected with some sensation in the body. Therefore, when we strengthen vedananupassana, we automatically strengthen the other three.


In this way, through the practice of Vipassana based upon sensations, we can observe the true nature of the mind-body (nama-rupa) every moment. Gradually we develop the understanding that this body is merely a collection of subtle sub-atomic particles, which by nature constantly change, arising and passing away. These sub-atomic particles are made up of the four elements: earth, water, fire, and air.


The flow of the everchanging body-stream and that of the mind-stream can be observed only with the help of penetrating, piercing samadhi. Observing the mind-body, we can experience its fundamental nature of impermanence (anicca) and suffering or unsatisfactoriness (dukkha) and in the process, its nature of egolessness (anatta) becomes clearer and clearer. We begin to realise that both the body-stream and mind-stream are substanceless, essenceless. There is nothing in this stream of mind and matter which is permanent, stable or constant, which can be called "I" or "mine", or which we can claim to control.


In this way, we begin to learn to observe the flow of nama-rupa with detachment, with impartially. The deeper the examination of the subtle sensations, the stronger our detachment. As long as there is attachment, we cannot observe the object of meditation objectively, as it is. Through the wisdom gained by practicing Vipassana, our attachment becomes weaker and weaker, and we are able to observe the object of meditation more and more objectively.


When one enters a dark house with a lantern, the darkness is dispelled; light illuminates the whole house and all objects in the house can be seen clearly. In the same way, the light of wisdom banishes the darkness of ignorance, and the eternal, noble truths are illuminated and are seen clearly.


Through continued practice, we experience the truth of dukkha at the deepest level—how this constantly dissatisfied and discontented mind is incessantly afflicted with the thirst of craving; how this thirst is never-ending—like a bottomless pit, it consumes all our efforts to fill it. We understand the misery of our attachment and clinging to our belief in an individual ego—how our attachment to this concept of self, to our cravings and opinions, keep us incessantly preoccupied and miserable. When we understand dukkha and the root cause of dukkha, we also understand the Noble Path, which destroys all the cravings that cause dukkha, thereby leading to liberation from dukkha. As we progress on this path, we attain liberation from all suffering, nibbana.


As our panna grows stronger and stronger through the practice of Vipassana, this wisdom eradicates all delusions, illusions, false impressions, and ignorance. Reality becomes clear because false impressions are unable to stick in the mind. When panna becomes strong, sila becomes pure; the mind is purified of all defilements. And progressing on this beneficial path, we achieve the pure state of the ariyas (noble ones). We experience the joy of nibbana.


The happiness gained through Vipassana is superior to any other happiness. Neither the enjoyment of gross sensual pleasures, nor that of subtle extra-sensual pleasures, leads to lasting happiness. When pleasures of any kind comes to an end, the result is sorrow. And because every situation is impermanent, it is bound to change, to come to an end. When a pleasurable experience comes to an end, the mind struggles to regain it. This craving brings misery. True happiness comes only from that which remains stable.


When we become used to observing with complete detachment, our faculty of observation can remain stable even if the objects of our observation keep changing. We do not become elated when we experience sensual or supra-mundane pleasures, nor do we cry when they pass away. In both situations, we watch objectively, like a scientist observing a scientific phenomenon in a laboratory.

At the depths of the mind, as we observe the changing nature of even the most subtle sensations, right understanding arises about the profound truth of impermanence. We observe every changing situation with the same objective and impartial view. To see that which is apparent, that which is before our eyes, without any defilement in the mind—this is true happiness. This state has been called ditta dhamma sukha vihara (the happy state of knowledge of truth).


Let us strengthen our bhavana-maya panna through the practice of Vipassana. Leaving behind the continuous struggle with cravings that cause such restlessness and discontentment, let us gain liberation from the bondage of craving. Becoming established in wisdom, let us gain liberation and attain real contentment, real happiness.

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Questions And Answers

Question: It seems to me that it would take forever to eliminate the sankharas one by one.

Sayagyi U S. N. Goenka: That would be so if one moment of equanimity meant exactly one less sankhara of the past. But in fact, awareness of sensation takes you to the deepest level of the mind and allows you to cut the roots of past conditioning. In this way, in a relatively short time, you can eliminate entire complexes of sankharas, if your awareness and equanimity are strong.


Question: Then how long should the process take?

SNG: That depends on how great a stock of sankharas you have to eliminate, and how strong your meditation is. You cannot measure the past stock but you can be sure that the more seriously you meditate, the more quickly you are approaching liberation. Keep working steadfastly towards that goal. The time is bound to come—sooner rather than later—when you will reach it.


Question: Would you say that Vipassana is the only way to reach enlightenment?

SNG: Enlightenment is achieved by examining oneself and eliminating conditioning. And doing this is Vipassana, no matter what name you may call it. Some people have never even heard of Vipassana, and yet the process has started to work spontaneously in them. This seems to have happened in the case of a number of saintly people in India, judging from their own words. But because they did not learn the process step by step, they were unable to explain it clearly to others. Here you have the opportunity to learn a step-by-step method that will lead you to enlightenment.

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S.N. Goenka – a Vipassana life extraordinary

The 50th-anniversary celebrations of Vipassana returning to India in 1969 also celebrates the life of Principal Teacher of Vipassana Satya Narayan Goenka (1924 - 2013). 

(from the article published in The Statesman, Festival Issue, October 2019)

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In June 1969, a Burmese-born industrialist with ancestors from Rajasthan arrived at Dum Dum Airport, Calcutta. Hours earlier, he told a startled customs official in Rangoon airport that he was carrying out of the country a priceless jewel –the ‘gem’ of Vipassana, the ancient truth-realization practice that was lost to India for 2,500 years.

Now transforming lives worldwide, residential Vipassana courses are taught free of cost to people from all walks of life, cultural, religious backgrounds, in over 100 countries.

The 50th-anniversary celebration this year of Vipassana returning to India also celebrates the unique life of Satya Narayan Goenka (1924 – 2013), Principal Teacher of Vipassana. 

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I am not here to convert people from one organized religion to another organized religion—no. I am here to serve towards conversion from misery to happiness, conversion from cruelty to compassion, conversion from bondage to liberation. This is the conversion needed today.

- Sayagyi U Goenka

The pattern, look for the pattern - the pattern of the bigger picture, the threads of life that connect people, places and events woven in the changing tapestry of our impermanent abode on earth.

So too with the extraordinary life of Satya Narayan Goenka, Vipassana teacher to the world and to the previous and current President of India, to nuclear scientists and students, billionaires and business management students, princesses and inmates of prisons. 

Sayagyi U Goenka was the true Father of Independent India. He revived in this ancient civilization the Vipassana practise that Gotama the Buddha re-discovered and shared - not as an organized religion, but as the universal path to purifying the mind and experiencing real happiness. 

I have no doubt that developing India - to be the world's largest economy by the year 2050 - is fruit of Vipassana being practised in the country since 1969. When more people increasingly live a wholesome life, prosperity increases with a purer mind able to more successfully accomplish work.

Sayagyi U Goenka's exceptional work, his sacrifices, enabled Vipassana to be shared free of cost in more than 100 countries, in 336 locations worldwide, with 105 Vipassana centres in India (31 in Maharashtra and Mumbai). He shared Vipassana its pure form - fully non-sectarian and universal, practical and result-oriented, with benefits here and now. 

He taught using scientific terms like his teacher U Ba Khin, the first Account General of independent Burma. But Sayagyi U Goenka was the first and foremost Vipassana teacher to avoid using the word 'Buddhism', the unfortunate term that has turned a Fully Enlightened Super Scientist's practical path to experience truths of nature into just another sectarian 'religion'.

A pattern linked Satya Narayan Goenka of Burma (Myanmar) to India, to his ancestors from Churu in Rajasthan, the land of kings, to the royal city of Mandalay in Myanmar where he was born. The pattern brought him to Madras (Chennai) where he lived during World War 2.

The pattern of destiny brought him to Calcutta in 1969, arriving in India from Myanmar to the city of joy.

From Bengal, he went to Bombay (Mumbai) where he re-started the wheel of Vipassana again in the country of its origin. 

With Mumbai as home, the Rajasthan-origin Sayagyi U Goenka selflessly served humanity until he passed away peacefully, aged 89, on the night of September 29, 2013.

Vipassana dawn, the path

"Awake O people of the world...the dark night is over. The light of Dhamma is glowing... The dawn of happiness," words in Pali, Hindi, Rajasthani inspire Vipassana students as dawn breaks in another day of a Vipassana course, in course venues worldwide - another day of determined battles to drive out demons of negative habit patterns entrenched deep in dungeons of the mind. 

The Vipassana teacher is only a guide in the self-dependent battle that has to be courageously fought alone - whether in a meditation cell of a Vipassana centre, a forest, cave, in heavenly solitude of the Himalayas. 

In Pali language, Vipassana means 'to see reality as it is'. It enables experiencing the true nature of this changing mind-matter phenomenon called 'I' - this 'I', 'my' to which we give so much importance. 

The aim of Vipassana is to purify the mind. The practice of Vipassana is being aware, with equanimity, the impermanence of bodily sensations, their arising and passing every moment, from moment to moment.

Physical sensations - any tangible feeling in the body such as pressure, pain, heat, tingling, itching, subtler sensations like a pleasant flow - arise, pass away as manifestation of mind-matter interaction, the bio-chemical flow of change every moment. 

The deepest part of one’s mind, where conditioning takes root, is never in contact with the outside world but always in contact with this bio-chemical of sensations within, every moment, from birth to death. 

At the apparent reality we react to the outside world, but in actual reality we blindly react to sensations.

As eyes give sight, Vipassana gives insight – insight of life-changing realities within.

Sensations are not new; but new is the Vipassana-developed faculty to be objectively aware of this inner reality, from the grossest sensation of immense pain to the subtlest sensations of infinite bliss.

Blissful or painful, whatever the cause of a sensation arising - from a physical ailment, food intake, sitting for long, atmospheric conditions, past conditioning of the mind (sankaras) - every sensation becomes a Vipassana tool to develop awareness and equanimity to changing phenomena.

Everything changes, is subject to impermanence. Nothing lasts forever.

Equanimity to changing sensations, instead of blind reactions, changes the habit pattern of the mind of generating negativity. Life changes for the better.

The Sayagyi

The Principal Teacher of Vipassana being called 'Sayagyi' (in Burmese meaning "respected householder teacher") fits the rational, non-dogmatic practise of Vipassana.  No "gurudom", the curse of personality worship, exploitative cults.

The true teacher practices what he teaches, so did Sayagyi U Goenka.

He shunned personal recognition of any kind. He said he was only the medium, and that if not him someone else would have done the work of revival of Vipassana in India and the world. The time had ripened.

A self-made millionaire by age 25 in Burma, Sayagyi U Goenka was a master of people management. He ensured a network of highly decentralized and yet closely connected Vipassana centres worldwide, the islands of Dhamma to teach Vipassana in purity for centuries, free of cost. Expenses are met only through voluntary services and donations of those who already completed a Vipassana course.

He insisted that there should no advertising of Vipassana courses, to avoid commercialization. Only word of mouth. Those experiencing the benefits cannot resist telling others about Vipassana.

Trained teachers and assistant teachers conduct residential 10-day to 60-day Vipassana courses as volunteers, without receiving any fees. They take time off from their various professions, occupations, business and industries. They follow a strict code of conduct, are required to avoid all unwholesome actions. 

He allocated work and responsibilities without intrusive interference.  His way of respectful dealings with others enables harmony at work. 

"If you look for virtue, look for it in others", he advised, "If you look for faults, look within".

He discouraged backbiting and said a problem should be first directly discussed with the concerned person. Only if that person refuses to recognize the mistake should a complaint be made to a senior - but after informing the person a complaint is being made.

Sayagyi U Goenka had addressed the United Nation General Assembly, was a keynote speaker at the millennium Economic Summit in Davos (Switzerland) in 2000, gave talks at Harvard Business Club in New York and at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and yet functioned with minimal facilities and manpower while guiding a rapidly expanding global Vipassana organization.

He personified compassion and humility. He discouraged blind beliefs and welcomed suggestions and questions to clarify doubts. If someone with whom he was talking interrupted him, he immediately stopped mid-sentence and listened.

He took great care not to hurt any being, anyone. Even a strongly worded letter to a stubborn student was kept waiting for a day or two before he signed it, to make sure the strong language was really needed.

He could have earned himself worldwide fame had he publicly exhibited his special powers of the mind. Apart from Mataji (his wife and Principal Teacher of Vipassana Ilaichidevi Goenka), very few people who closely interacted with Sayagyi U Goenka may have been aware he had such powers. 

These powers of the mind get naturally opened up in a person highly advanced in meditation, tangible faculties little known to conventional science. Most inspiringly, Sayagyi U Goenka followed the teaching of the Buddha where no importance is given to such faculties, these mere way stations on the path to total purification of the mind. 

Epilogue

Sayagyi U Goenka was a unique phenomenon in history. He was the first Vipassana teacher after the Buddha to share the Vipassana path of liberation with so many in the world, with such accuracy and detail. 

His service to humanity will be more significantly recognized when coming generations of children grow to adulthood after having practised early in life Anapana (www.children.dhamma.org), the preliminary to Vipassana. The Maharashtra government's Mitra Upakram project enables millions of school children to daily practice Anapana; with their strong base to avoid unwholesome actions early in life, they will grow as evolved adults making a beneficial impact in the world. 

The self-dependent practice of Vipassana repairs and enhances the way of life, interactions with people.

We discover our real work in life. 

Vipassana is the single most powerful force of transformation. For the world to change, the individual must change. Vipassana empowers the individual to change for better – and experience real happiness.

Ehi passiko – come and see. Give Vipassana a fair open-minded trial.

(For more information on residential Vipassana courses taught free of cost worldwide: www.dhamma.org)

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